After an unparalleled succession of tragic operas, Verdi finished his operatic career with a comedy. It has a thread of intriguing musical cross-references and a great richness of musical resource, as well as subtle delineation of character. It has enchanting love music, too, but it is the depiction of Falstaff himself and the web of conspiracy around him that gives the opera its chief celebrity. Verdi's congenial librettist Arrigo Boito created a sparkling adaptation of Shakespeare's "The Merry Wives of Windsor" and "Henry IV." Falstaff was premiered in Milan in 1893.